| Regulation | United States | EU / UK (TPD/TRPR) |
|---|---|---|
| Max nicotine strength | 50mg/mL (no federal cap) | 20mg/mL EU CAP |
| Max bottle size | No limit | 10mL refill containers |
| Max tank/cartridge | No limit | 2mL |
| Salt nic available? | Yes, up to 50mg/mL | Yes, capped at 20mg/mL |
| Freebase available? | Yes, typically 0-12mg/mL | Yes, capped at 20mg/mL |
| FDA PMTA authorized salt nic | GLAS 50mg, JUUL various | N/A (different regulatory system) |
The EU's 20mg/mL cap means European vapers cannot access the 50mg/mL salt nic products common in the US. This limits switching efficacy for heavy smokers who need cigarette-level nicotine delivery. The 2024 Christen study showed 40mg/mL salt produces blood levels similar to smoking — below the EU cap, but barely.
